What is Labour Day – History, Importance, and Legal Standards of the Eight-Hour Day Movement

Labour Day, also known as International Workers’ Day or May Day, is an annual holiday celebrated worldwide to commemorate the achievements and contributions of workers to society. The day is observed on different dates in various countries, with May 1 being the most widely recognized date. Labor Day was officially declared a national holiday in the United States in 1894, with the first Monday in September designated as the day to honor and recognize the American labor movement and the contributions of laborers to the country’s development and success.

History of Labor Day

The history of Labor Day dates back to the late 19th century when the trade union and labor movements in the United States grew, leading to the proposal of setting aside a day to celebrate labor. The first Labor Day parade took place in New York City in 1882, organized by union leaders, and was a significant event that brought together tens of thousands of labor union members from various trades. The roots of Labor Day can be traced back to the violent clashes between labor and police during the Haymarket Riot in 1886, where workers in Chicago demanded an eight-hour workday. 

The History of the Eight-Hour Day Movement

The eight-hour day movement originated in the 16th century in Spain, where it was introduced by law for factory and fortification workers. The modern movement emerged during the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where working days could range from 10 to 16 hours, with common child labor. In 1884, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (predecessor to the American Federation of Labor) called for American workers to observe an eight-hour day starting May 1, 1886. This united skilled and unskilled workers of all nationalities in a movement centered in Chicago, with involvement from anarchists, trade unionists, and the Knights of Labor.

Legal Standard of the Eight-hour Day Movement Nationwide 

The eight-hour day became one of many labor issues rather than the central goal. Over time, different industries gradually decreased working hours, and the eight-hour day finally became a legal standard nationwide in the United States with the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The eight-hour day movement was also significant in other countries. It became an integral part of the early history of May Day and Labour Day celebrations in some countries.

Importance of International Labour Day 2024

The importance of International Labour Day 2024 lies in its commemoration of the enduring legacy of workers’ struggles for justice and dignity. It serves as a day to honor the contributions of workers globally and recognize the pivotal role they play in society and the economy. International Labour Day is a testament to the labor movement’s history, advocating for workers’ rights, fair wages, and improved working conditions. By celebrating Labour Day, we acknowledge the sacrifices made by workers throughout history and renew our commitment to championing their rights and welfare, fostering a more equitable and just society.

What is Labour Day in Pakistan?

Labour Day in Pakistan is observed on May 1st as a public holiday to commemorate the achievements of the labor movement and honor the contributions of workers. It is a day dedicated to recognizing the rights of workers and advocating for their well-being and rights.